definition of learning outcomes and learning performance Factors
Presasi sometimes by the same learning outcomes learning interpreted. Based syllables Presati and learning have a different meaning and are closely interwoven. In general, the performance is shown after a study to be done. Faithful process pemebalajaran produce presati learn very berberda in terms of quality and quantity for each individual learning activities.
success itself has a meaning, the result of an activity, the significance of the activities can beruapa effort is carried out, a well done individually or done to create in groups. Based gorg katany apresatsi comes from the Dutch language, the prestatie , the berbarti result of what is wanted.
Berdsaran pejnelasan successes can not be obtained from someone who does not do business. The work must be in the form of serious effort. Or prastasi achieved results of efforts to be proportional. Thus, the success is a testament to the authentic and representative of what has been attempted.
The experts give different interpretations of student performance, worthy of the position where they emphasize. But in general they agreed that achieving learning is the "result" of an activity WJS. Poerwadarminta found performance is the result, which was achieved (dilakuakan, manufactured and sebagainnya) while found by Masud Hasan Abdul Qohar performance is what has been created, the work is gratifying that it acquired with the toughness while Nasrun Harahap argues that power is to assess the awareness of the development and progress of the students in terms submitted to the mastery of educational material to them and the values contained in the curriculum.
from the above definition can be found in the conclusion that the performance is the result of an activity that has been done, provided that is gratifying, by the persistence of the work is obtained, either singly or in groups. in certain areas (Ibid., 19-21)
While learning by the behavior of a process of change in a person's experience and training, sales and training where it the interaction between the individual and the environment, both natural and social environment limgkungan done by. (Hamalik Management Learning in Higher Education Bandung. Rays Baru.1991.hlm 16) After learning Sardiman AM as a series of mind-body activities, psycho-physical directed to the personal development of the whole man, involved the elements of creativity, taste and imagination, cognitive, affective and psychomotor. (Sardiman The interaction and motivation teaching Jakarta: .. King Grafindo Persada.1994 pages 22-23)
After Gagne Learning is a series of cognitive processes, the nature of the changing environmental stimuli, go through processing information about new features. (Dimyati and Mudjiono teaching and learning, Jakarta PT :. rineka Reserved 1999 Pg. 10) Learning is a complex activity and the results of the study could include new features. That is, once a person learns that he have the skills, knowledge, attitudes and values as a result of the learning process. Timbulmya these capabilities is the stimulation performed by people comes from the environment and cognitive processes that are learning.
learn After Hilgard and Bower, a person's behavior in a given situation by causing concern his experience in a particular situation repeated explains where in behavioral changes that do not or baseline slope may be, the nature, maturity or circumstances moment a person.
Gagne, in the book to respond to the conditions of learning is "learning occurs when influence a stimulus situation along with the contents of memory students in a way, that his actions changed from the time before he experienced the situation at the time, after having experienced this situation. "
Morgan had to learned is that changes relatively settled in behavior that occurs as a result of training and experience. Witherington also suggests learning a change in personality is who claims to be a new pattern of response in the form of skills, attitudes, habits, intelligence or understanding.
From the above definition, it may be some important elements that are argued characterize the concept of learning, namely that:
- learning diartika can as a change in behavior or thinking, which can lead to changes changes better behavior. Because learning someone is something that a positive result from a change jar is additional knowledge offer aselalu.
- Learning is a change that melalaui a method, training or experience, and the change was relatively sedentary and memorably won so the learning experience occurs can be called anytime.
- behavioral changes by both physically and mentally.
- the nature of learning in connection with various aspects of the personality, learning is a process that is characterized by a change in a person. Changes as a result of the learning process can be shown in various forms such as changes in knowledge, understanding, attitudes and behaviors, abilities, skills and abilities, and other aspects that exist in each.
After defining the search of performance and learning, it may be concluded that the realization essentially get the result from an activity. While learning is a process that a change in the individual, resulting in the role, which is a change in behavior. So power learning is the result in the form of impressions received, which led as a result of activities in the learning in a change in the individual. (Ngalim, Purwanto Educational Psychology Bandung: ... Youth Work 1988 Pg 85-87)
Definition of performance is achieved, the result is, when certain tasks or activities to do ( Tu 'u 04: 75). Academic performance is the result obtained from the learning activities in schools, cognitive and are determined by measurement and evaluation generally. learning power, is the mastery of the topics that will be determined by the value or a certain number of teachers. On this basis, the learning performance can be formulated:
- The learning success is the result of learning achieved as follows, tasks and learning activities in schools .
- learning achievements are mainly aspects of cognitive assessment, because it relates to the ability of students in knowledge or memory, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation.
- , the learning performance of proven and demonstrated by the value or the number of the results of work undertaken by the teacher evaluation.
- Thus, the learning performance is on value or number reached in the learning process in schools to concentrate. This value is relative assessed on cognitive because teachers use it often mastery of knowledge as student performance to see
After Sudjana ( 190: 23), said "cognitive among the three areas, namely cognitive, affective and psychomotor, then shutter often valued teacher at the school"
, the factors affecting the. student performance hinder
After Kartono Kartini in Tu'u Sincere (04: 83), factors that hinder the performance of students:
the inhibitors of a
[1945011th] the inhibitors of the cover:
students whose health is often causes impaired child studies. Therefore, parents should pay attention to the health of their children with nutritious foods.
students with less intelligence that led to the slow student and will be missed by his friends. The results obtained are not optimal. Moreover, intelligence greatly affect how quickly the progress of students.
Attention here is the attention in school and at home. Attention studying at home is often the TV show, family circumstances and disturbed home while studying at school, the learning environment often distracted attention and lack of concentration. Insufficient attention will negatively affects the learning outcomes.
The interest high kecenderunagn is against something. If the teacher teaching is not developed of interest, it would make no serious student learning so that learning outcomes are achieved, is not optimal.
talent is innate potential of a person. If the lesson, which do not correspond to their talent followed, Accomplishment of learning is not optimal.
These factors form factors such as Parents mendididk unfavorable example less factor atmosphere of the house busy an often bickering; , Family economic factors
Factors school factor is learning, such methods are less varied and boring students; Factor of the relationship between teachers and students, which are less dense, factors of students, teachers, the pengguasaan factor of the material is missing, a factor in school facilities such as books less, a lively area. Anything interfering with student performance is good.
discipline of the school to the learning process of the child were not enforced. For example, students who have come too late, it go unpunished.
Factors mass media such as TV shows, disrupt the learning time, factors Friends poorly maintained, a factor most commonly used effects performance and student behavior.
, for example, an unemployed neighbor, thieves, player, drinker is an environment that is. On student learning outcomes
6 hanging. organizational activities
when students support factors many activities of the organization in addition, have the learning outcomes, the learning outcomes can interfere if they do not menggatur may well at the time.
Definition of Success Learning is a set consists of two words, namely performance and learning. Between success and learning words have different meanings. Therefore, before terms of learning performance, it is worth the discussion on each issue addressed in advance to get a further understanding of the meaning of words and learning performance. There is also a deep understanding to facilitate more about terms of self-learning performance. Below a sense of power and learning is presented, according to experts.
Success is the result of an activity that has been done, either individually or as a group created (Djamarah 1994 19). Meanwhile, according to Masud Hasan Abdul Dahar Djamarah (1994: 21). That performance is what needs to be created, the work will be, the results obtained by the working tenacity complacent
from the definition set out above, to emphasize clearly visible differences on specific words, but the point is the same, namely, the result of an activity. For this purpose, it will be understood that achieving the result of an activity, which was conducted generated that is responsive to the toughness of the work can be obtained, either singly or in groups in certain activities.
by Slameto (1995: 2), that learning is a process person trying to get a new change in behavior as a whole, as a result of his own experience in interaction with the environment , In simple words, learn how they proposed in the above-mentioned document to understand, it can prove to be an understanding of the nature of the learning activities is a change that occurs within the individual. Meanwhile, according Nurkencana (1986: 62) argues that learning performance is a result that has been reached or in the form of the value of the child subjects. Changes in the individual added as a result of activities in learning that achieving learning the outcome of this result.
Search for the above description, it can understand the learning performance, the result or the level functions that, in a certain time after participating either to changes in behavior skills and knowledge and then measured and evaluated were then in figures or statements embodied in the learning process of students were reached.
[1945009AffectingLearningAchievement] 2. Factors
1. Factors of the student (internal)
in this context, there is a degree of internal factors (1995: 54) of Slameto., need to be discussed, namely, physical factors, psychological factors, and the fatigue factor
a factors physical
[be
divided in the factor of physical can in two health factors and factors of disability.
strongly influence
1. health determinants
Health Factors the learning process of students, if the health of a person distracted or tired, lackluster, easy dizziness, drowsiness, if the circumstances he was very weak and anemic or No abnormalities disorders tool senses.
2. disability
disability is something that causes less good or defective limb or body. These defects in the form of blind, partially blind, board, broken legs, broken arms, crippled, and other (Slameto, 03: 55)
. B. Psychological factors
Can be intelligence, attention, talents, interests, motivation, maturity, readiness.
1. Intelligence
Slameto (03: 56) argues that the intelligence or competence of three kinds of skills is, to employ and to new situations to effectively adapt quickly and effectively to know / use concepts of abstract, knowledge, relationships and learn quickly
2. attention
by al-Ghazali in Slameto (03 :. 56) that the concern is also increased mental activity of the soul then exclusively serve -mata to an object or a thing or a set of objects. to ensure
better learning, should the students have the attention of the materials studied. If the material under the attention is not the student, boredom was such that he did not like to learn. Allowing students to learn well, try the textbook in accordance with hobbies and talents
3. Talent
After Hilgard in Slameto (03: 57) . that talent is the ability to learn. In other words, the talent is the ability to learn. This capability will be realized learned or trained according to the real performance of the skills. Then after Muhibbin (03: 136). That the talent is to achieve the potential ability of a person's success in the future
4. Interests
Jersild and Taisch in Nurkencana after (1996: 214) that the interest is selected menyakut activities free of people. Great interest influence on student learning activities, students who love to read will be able to obtain a wide range of knowledge and technology. So knowledge will expand so that they will strongly affect the increase or the achievement of student performance that are as optimal as possible seriously investigated for students who have an interest in some lessons because it is appealing to him.
5. Motivation
by Slameto (03: 58), that motivation will be closely linked to the objectives are achieved in learning, in this goal can be implemented to determine or not, but need to do to achieve this goal, while the cause of the motivation to commit itself as a driving force or the driving
6. maturity
by Slameto (03: 58). that maturity is something fad or a phase in which the growth of a person in the middle of his body was ready to implement a new skill.
Based on the above opinion, the maturity is an organ or instrument body said mature when the inner beings have achieved the ability to their respective functions kematang it comes to the implementation or the time will come easy, so the learning is more successful when the child is ready or mature enough to follow the teaching and learning process.
7. willingness
willingness of James Drever as Slameto (03: 59) quotes. is preparedes to respond or react, this means a willingness to provide a response or reaction
Thus, from the opinion can be assumed above that the willingness of the students in the learning process greatly influence student performance, so performance student can have a positive effect if the students themselves have the willingness to accept a well topics.
c. Fatigue factor
There are several factors that fatigue can affect student performance, can be divided among others in two ways, namely physical exhaustion and mental fatigue. As stated by Slameto (1995: 59) as follows:
"define fatigue by the spinelessness of the body and the resulting tendency physically seen Physical exhaustion occurs because none. combustion residual substance in the body, so that inferior blood in certain parts. While fatigue for thinking about the problem mentally continuously can, which means without a break to do out of necessity something not consistent with the interests and concerns ".
From the above description, exhausted physically and mental can affect learning and performance, so that students learn well be avoided happens fatigue while learning so spinelessness body. So it is necessary to agree on the conditions that are free from mental exhaustion as to think the problem, which means without a break, do not do something out of necessity in accordance with the interest and attention. These are all great impact on students' learning performance. In order for students as learning not to physical exhaustion and psychological.
2. Factors from outside (external factors)
[comeshappento
external factors affecting learning performance it is divided into three factors: family factors, school factors and community factors (Slameto, 1995: 60).
a. Family factors
factor family is very active role for students and the family can affect include: How to educate parents, the relations between family members, family circumstances, the parents understand state family economic, cultural background and the atmosphere of the house.
1. As parents educate
the way parents educate suggested before that the family is the establishment primarily: to learn great influence on the performance of children, it is confirmed by Wirowidjojo in Slameto (60 03). Healthy family means a lot to educate small, but the quality of education to a large extent, the provision, namely the formation of the nation and the state.
can be understood from the above opinion, the importance of the role of the family in the education of their children. How do people raise their children, their learning influence
2. Relationship between family members
After Slameto (03: 60). The family in the relations were important parents and their children. In addition, children with a brother or a relationship with another family also affect children's learning. A form of relationship is whether love or hate, attitude too hard or indifference, and so on.
3. The state of
family After Hamalik (02: 0) argues that family relationships will affect the learning performance of children by several factors from a family influences that may give rise to individual differences such as the culture of the family, parental education, economic level, the relationship between the parents, attitude towards social issues and the realities of life.
on the above of the opinion that family circumstances Dapa affect the learning capacity of children, so that these factors provide experiences for children to be able to power, interests lead, attitudes and understanding, so that the learning process can be achieved by the child affected by the parents, who have no or less knowledge of science
4. the definition of a parent
by Slameto (03: 64). that children learning needs encouragement and understanding parents. If children learn not to bother with homework. Sometimes the child has a weak mind, parents are required to understand and push it as far as possible to overcome the difficulties they experienced.
5. Family economic situation
After Slameto (03: 63) that the family economic situation is closely related to the learning of the child. Children who learn in addition to the unmet basic needs such as food, clothing, health, and others, also requires learning facilities such as classrooms, tables, chairs, lighting, stationery and so on.
6. Background Culture
, the level of education or habits in the family affects the attitude of the child in learning (Roestiyah, 1989: 156). Therefore it is necessary to help children inculcated good habits in order to promote the attainment of optimal success.
7.
home atmosphere Learning a home atmosphere affect performance greatly, this is the opinion of the Slameto after (03: 63), that the atmosphere of the house argued a situation or an event that families often occurs where children are and learn. Home atmosphere rowdy, loud and not semwarut give you to learn the rest of the child.
The atmosphere in a large family too many occupants may occur. The atmosphere is tense, noisy and often bicker quarrel between other family members, the children cause boring to stay at home, preferring to leave home as a result of learning messy and low power.
b. School factors
school factors can affect the way teach his teacher, tool ala-learning, curriculum, school hours, the interaction of teachers and students, school discipline, and media Education, namely:
1. teachers and teaching
by Purwanto (04: 104) factor teacher and teach an important factor, as the attitude and personality the teacher, kept the high and low skills of teachers and how teachers teach this knowledge to young students helped determine learning outcomes are achieved by the students. Meanwhile, according to Nana Sudjana in Djamarah (06: 39). Teaching is essentially a process, the process of preparation, organization, the environment, to promote yourself to help students and pupils promote learning
in the course of learning, acting teachers as mentors. In his role as consultant, teachers must strive menhidupkan and provide motivation conducive to a process of interaction. Thus the teaching of teachers should make their students, both of which are understood to effectively and better with the use of models, techniques or methods of teaching that taught to the needs of students in the learning process
, the concepts to their students in delivered learning and adapted is
2. the learning model
model or method of learning is very important and influential on the performance of students, especially in math. in this case method uses the model or learning by the teacher, not only in the study only model, but should be taught the concepts and mathematics teacher be varied to meet in accordance with the needs of students, especially in the fields. Where mathematics teacher should be able to determine menilih and appropriate learning methods to learn to use. The teaching models, including cooperative learning, contextual learning, realistic to solve mathematical problems and so on
In this case, the model is a model of the cooperative. STAD where the model or method of learning process of students affected and can student performance
3. Tools Lessons
To perfect results improve learning, learning tools is one thing that
in improving student performance, such as libraries, laboratories and sebagaianya by Purwanto (04: 105) is no less important. stated that the schools have plenty of tools and equipment needed by good teachers who Skills teachers to learn coupled, the tools on that simplifies and accelerate children's learning. js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,
