The term metacognition is expressed in English by metacognition , derived from two words strung together that meta-cognition or knowledge . The term "meta" comes from the Greek language, which after translated in English, in addition to adjacent, which is a prefix that is used to show an abstraction of a concept. While knowledge is cognoscere derived from Latin, meaning to know, ( know ) and recognize ( to recognize ). Cognition also symptoms of introduction is known, is " the act or process of knowing that both awareness and judgment ", while the ability of metacognition include aspects of cognition. (Kuntodjojo 09: 1)
the concept of metacognition was first introduced by John Flavell in 1976 (Malone, 07: 7). Flavell defined metacognition as knowledge of the objects of knowledge, namely about everything connected to knowledge. Among psychologists raised the debate on the definition of metacognition. This showed that metacognition is not always applied equally in the different areas of psychological research, and not only in the field of psychology. However, the concept of metacognition of researchers in psychology emphasizes proposed consciousness, thinking about his thought process.
Wells (09: 1 ) states that " is applied metacognition knowledge to knowledge ." metacognition the mind is to be applied to the mind. Or in other words, metacognitive thinking, thinking about it. Flavell (Iwai, 2011: 151) defines the metacognitive as " his knowledge about their own cognitive processes and results or anything related to them ". Metacognitive is a person's knowledge about the thought process and the result of thought or anything related to the process and the results of the proficiency level of thinking
Welman (1985) in Usman Mulbar. (08: 4) states that " metacognition is a form of knowledge, includes a second or higher order thingking process more active control over the cognitive processes can just as thought or as a person, the knowledge about knowledge. "be defined. Metacognition as a form of knowledge, or thought processes two or more levels meibatkan control of cognitive activity. Therefore, metacognition can be regarded as a person thinks about their own thinking or cognition about cognition own person. Schneider (2010: 55) also showed that metacognitive knowledge is a person " of reviews of their own information processing skills, and knowledge of the nature of cognitive tasks, and manage strategies for such tasks ." metacognitive is the knowledge of a person against their own skills in information processing, and knowledge of the tasks of thinking, and strategies for copying similar tasks.
Brown (Zohar, 1999: 414) states that " metacognition knowledge refers to understanding, understanding, reflected in the effective use or open description of knowledge either in question can be . "Metacognitive lead to an understanding of knowledge, an understanding of the effective use or description clear knowledge of the issue to be considered. That is, metacognitive principle on the understanding of their knowledge related.
obtained Understanding on the basis of reflection that is done by him with regard to the use of an effective strategy or a clear description of the strategies used in response to a question or a problem. Moreover Quirk (06: 4) ". the ability to think about thinking and feeling and predict what others think " revealed that metacognitive is Metacognition is the ability to think about their own thoughts and feelings and predict what other people think.
with previous opinions In line Ozsoy & Ataman (09: 68) states that " metacognition means an awareness of the individual to his own thought process and ability checks to control this process . " metacognition means a person's consciousness about his thought process and the ability to control the process. Additionally Schraw & Dennison (1994: 460) states that " metacognition to reflect on the ability Refers, understand and control one learns ." Metacognition leads to the ability to reflect, to understand and control the learning someone. the study Controlling is can have in a person to follow control what they do in their learning activities
Moreover involves metacognition knowledge and awareness of the challenge activity cognitive alone or anything on the activities of the cognitive (Woolfolk based 09 .: 35). Simply put, metacognition knowledge about the process of realization. More details, metacognition is knowledge, awareness and control over the process of knowledge. Metacognition has a role as a form of representation of knowledge, which is based on the process monitoring and control based on the representation of knowledge.
Generally metacognition as a person's ability to summarize to learn the how best involves learning to do what is, and is not known, which consists of three phases: planning about what to learn how, when studying, monitoring the process of learning what he is doing, as well as a review of what is planned, carried out and the results of the process
is based. Definitions proposed metacognition topics in the above description, to understand how the following can be identified:
- metacognition the ability of the soul, which is metacognition
- , the ability to be aware to know, to hear the process to group knowledge knowledge happens by itself
- Metacognition is the ability to lead the process of cognition, the
- Metacognition is the ability to learn how to do it properly learn that include planning, monitoring and evaluation of [1945017insichselbstauftritt]
- Metacognition a thinking activity at a higher level, said that because of this activity is able to control the thought process, which in himself underway.
REFERENCES
Iwai, Y. (2011). The effects of metacognitive reading strategies: Educational Implications for EFL / esl teachers [Versi electronik]. The Reading Matrix, 11, 2, 150-159.
Kuntjojo. 09. Metacognition and successive Learning Students . http://ebekunt.wordpress.com/09/04/12/metakognisi-dan-keberhasilan-belajar-peserta-didik/.
Malone, L.K. (07). The convergence of knowledge organization, problem solving behavior and metacognition research with the modeling method of Physics Instruction - Part II Journal of Physics Teacher Education ..
Ozsoy, G. & Ataman, A. (March 09). The effect of metacognitive strategy training on mathematical problem solving performance. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education , 1, 2, 67-82. http://www.iejee.com/1_2_09/ozsoy_ataman.pdf.
Quirk, M. (06). intuition and metacognition in medical education: the key to development of expertise . New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Schraw, G. & Dennison, S. R. (1994). assessing metacognitive awareness [Versi electronik]. Contempory Educational Psychology, 19, 460-475.
Schneider, W. (2010). Metacognition, Strategy Use and instruction. metacognition in H. S. Waters & W. Schneider (ed.), and memory development in childhood and adolescence (pp. 54-81). New York, NY. Guilford Press
Usman Mulbar. (08). Metacognition students in mathematical problem solving . Papers Education. UNM faculty Napier.
Wells, A. (09). metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression . New York, NY. The Guildford Press
Woolfolk, Anita. (09). Educational Psychology: Active Learning Tenth Edition Part Two. Yogyakarta. Students Library
Zohar, A. (1999). Teachers metacognitive knowledge and instruction of higher order thinking [Versi electronik]. Teaching and Teacher Education , 15, 413-429.
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