Learning Approach
Eureka Education Hosnan. (2014: 32) argues, Indonesian (KBBI) in a large dictionary, feel approach is (1) a method to act, how to approach; (2) to make the efforts within the observation contact with people who studied to achieve methods understanding of the subject of observation. The understanding of the approach learning , inter alia, as follows:
- perspective (point of view; view) theory, which used as a basis can be, when selecting models method and learn techniques. use
- a process or actions teachers to present the teaching materials.
- to strengthen as a starting point or view of learning , which refers to the view of the process that are common to be far in which to facilitate, inspire, and be based on learning methods with coverage. theoretical specific
a different opinion with regard to the procedure proposed by Nuryani (2012: 92), approach (approach) more emphasis on strategy when planning while method more emphasis on its implementation techniques. One approach is possible used for learning in the implementation of the process planned to some method .
Another opinion stated that the approach was the starting point or angle the perception of learning , which refers to the view of the process which are common to be far in which to facilitate, inspire, strengthen and underlie learning methods with specific theoretical range.
These three things can be understood that the approach to learning a viewpoint or orientation is used for learning, which is then conducted with the use of selection methods or techniques of learning ,
Nuryani (2012: 93-101) proposed a kind of approaches, including:
1. approach of interest Education are the learning objectives to the goal-oriented are achieved. , with the aim of learning, the importance of all components and aligned in order to achieve all targets. For example: If the mentioned learning objectives, students can experiment, the teacher learning needs at the end of teaching, students are able to carry out experiments. The process used to achieve these goals, either a process or method of the demonstration can be tasks.
2. approach concept , means that the student is guided to understand a discussion about an understanding of the concepts contained therein. In the process of mastering the concepts and sub-concepts of learning, which are the focus. Through various methods, the students will understand the concept, out.
3 approach will be the environment , means linking environment in a teaching-learning process. The environment is used as a learning resource. To understand the material and serial connection to the everyday or environmental approaches are commonly used as an example to understand the interactions between organisms, by taking the real events in order that students can better understand the importance of these interactions. In the learning process students were not always invited to the environment, because the environment only the teacher can memberiinformasi associated with the environment reach, especially the environment.
4. Inquiry approach This approach means that teachers plan situations, so students will be asked to the methods described by the experts research used to detect the problem, ask questions, propose steps to research, a steady load, make predictions and explanations are needed to support the experience.
5. approach invention This approach was first made by Jerome Bruner popular. The approach of the invention ( discovery approach ) by Carin and Sund (1997) together with the research approach ( inquiry approach ), but after Dettrick, G.W (01). So that students find themselves he must perform mental processes such as observation, classification, measurement, prediction and completed. If in a process of learning to use this approach, which means to find learning activities diberikesempatan students create their own facts and concepts about scientific phenomena. The invention is not limited, something completely new to find. Generally, the material were determined by the teacher, as well as situations that are studied to support the process of understanding. The students are in activities that are directly related to what would be found.
6. process approach is to develop the main purpose of student learning abilities in the process capabilities or scientific activities as watching hypothesize, merencanaka, manafsirkandan communicate , This process uses skills approach and developed since 1984 curriculum .
7. problem solving approach This approach to solve the problem of an internship or observation. In the approach to solve this problem, there are two variants. The first version, students can only receive advice on the methods used to collect data, collect the data and prepare a series of questions that lead to pemacahan problem. In the second version, the only problem that is raised, the students who designed the solution themselves. Teachers only play a role in providing and assisting petujuk.
8. approach science-technology and society (STM) , this approach teachers are facilitators, and information that is received by the students long keep in remembrance . After Poedjiadi (01) linking STM learning in three types can be carried out, namely:
1. When connecting approach of science, technology and society.
2. As an approach to use the problem or a problem at the beginning of learning.
3. Creating STM program with a specific scenario as a supplement used.
For example: If a teacher is teaching about the contamination with STM approach, it can raise the Environment, for example, on water pollution in the vicinity of the school. By using method play a role at the end of learning students, the science, technology and society combine.
library materials:
Hosman, M. 2014 Scientific and Contextual Approach In the 21st Century Learning . Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia
Rustaman, Nuryani. 05. Biology teaching and learning strategies. Malang . UM Press.
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