Factors Affecting Development of intelligence Cognitive

factors. The development of cognitive intelligence Affecting

Eureka Education With respect to the factors that influence the development of the intellect of the individual differences among the followers of psychology. Psikometrika radical groups argue that the mental development of the individual is determined about 0% by heredity and environmental factors, including education, wearing only only about 10%. This group provides evidence that a person, the superior spiritual inheritance has, its development is very light, albeit with environmental measures, which are not optimal. As for those low spiritual inheritance environmental interventions often difficult, even optimal, although there have. Instead, groups of supporters of radical educational firmly believe that environmental measures, including Education , it has a share of about 80-85%, while the inheritance only 15-20% to the spiritual development of the individual contributes. Requirement is to provide sufficient time for individuals to develop their intellectual maximum.

growth intellect / cognitive Youth Jean Piaget, a psychologist cognitive , divides the development of the intellect / cognitive in four stages:

1. sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) , In this phase, all the work is the embodiment of the maturation process of the motor aspects. Through motor maturation children develop the ability to perceive, touch, movements and learn to coordinate actions.
2. preoperational phase (2-7 years). This stage is also called stage of intuition, because the cognitive development is a trend of an atmosphere of intuitive, not in supporting in the sense that all the actions of rational by arguments is revealed but by an element of feeling, the natural tendencies, settings the meaningful derived, and the environment.
3. concrete operational stage (7-11 years). At this time, the children begin to adapt concrete reality and have begun to develop their curiosity. Children are observed in a position to weigh, assess and explain the thoughts of others in ways that are less egocentric and more objective, are already beginning to understand the functional relationship, because they have tested a problem, but still with have means of concrete objects and not been able, abstracted.
4. formal operational stage (11 years and older). At this stage it is too abstract capable interpret the meaning kiasa and symbolically, and solve the problems of hypothetical

teenagers were at the formal operational stage and are already able abstract thinking, logical, rational and capable of the problems to solve hypothetical. Therefore, any decision of the treatment of adolescents should be based on the fundamental principle that makes sense, so that it can be accepted by them.

Without the radical group disagree that intellectual development is actually influenced by two factors: heredity and environment. The influence of these two factors were not separated individually in fact, but often a result of the interaction of the two. The influence of heredity and environment on the mental development can be explained as follows.

1. genetic factors

Since the womb, youth already owns properties that determine their intellectual work. Maybe child has brought the possibility of whether to think a similar ability it normal normal above normal or below. However, this potential will not develop optimally or if the environment can be realized not give the opportunity to develop. Therefore, the role of the environment is crucial to intellectual development of children.

2. environmental factors

There are two elements of the environment is very important role in the development of the intellect youth influence, the family and school.

a) family

The most important intervention by the family and the parents, the experience for children in many areas of life give, so that the child has a lot of information to think a tool for children. The means that are used, for example for the child have the opportunity to realize his ideas, appreciate these ideas, encouragement of children curiosity on the road comply with the provision of readings, equipment capabilities and tools to develop children's creativity , Creating opportunities and experiences, the attention will demand from their parents.

b) Schools

School is a formal institution to improve given the responsibility of the child's development child development thinking. In this case, the teacher should be aware that the intellectual development of young people is in his hands. Some possibilities are as follows:

1. Creating interaction or an intimate relationship with the teen / learners. With the intimate relationship that learners feel safe psychologically, so that all of his problems can consult freely with their teachers.
2. gives an opportunity to the youth / student Hard for dialogue with the people who are experts and experience in various fields of science, the intellectual development of children. Bring students into certain objects, such as an object of culture and science, strongly support the intellectual development of students.
3. to maintain the physical growth of young people, either through sporting activities and a proper diet and improve, it is important to the development of thinking learners. Because if the learner physical impairment, can mental development are also disturbed
4. improving language skills young people, either through print media and through a situation, the provision that makes it possible to discuss ideas or to express.

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